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ADRENAL GLAND * ADRENOCORTICAL HYPERFUNCTION (HYPERADRENALISM): 1) Cushing syndrome, characterized by an excess of cortisol. 2) Hyperaldosteronism. 3) Adrenogenital or virilizing syndromes, caused by an excess of androgens. The clinical features of some of these syndromes overlap clean because of the co-occur functions of some of the adrenal steroids. * Hypercortisolism (Cushing Syndrome): * This dis prescribe is caused by whatsoever modify that produces an elevation in glucocorticoid levels. * Causes: * Exogenous glucocorticoids. * Endogenous glucocorticoids * Causes of endogenetic hyper secernment: * Primary hypothalamic-pituitary diseases associated with hypersecretion of ACTH. * Primary adrenocortical hyperplasia or neoplasia * The secretion of ectopic ACTH by nonendocrine neoplasms * * Primary hypothalamic-pituitary Cushing disease: * >one-half of the cases , wo workfor ce: men 5:1 . 20s and 30s. In absolute majority of cases, ACTH-producing microadenoma (without mass effects) or macroadenomas (>10 mm).

In the remaining patients, corticotroph mobile phone hyperplasia * The adrenal glands install bilateral nodular cortical hyperplasia lede to hypercortisolism * Primary adrenal lesions: ACTH-independent Cushing syndrome or adrenal Cushing syndrome * (10% to 20% of cases) adenoma , carcinoma, and primary winding cortical hyperplasia. * The last mentioned have two variants : macronodules (>3 mm) and micronodules (<3 mm) that are a lot pigmented (primary pigmented nodular a! drenocortical disease). The micronodular variant is a familial disease, usually associated with features of overactivity in other endocrine organs such as the pituitary, thyroid, and gonads * morphology: * The pituitary in Cushing syndrome shows changes disregarding of the cause. The most common change is termed Crooke hyaline change. * The adrenal glands depends on the cause of the hypercortisolism. The...If you want to hold back a full essay, order it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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