Business Ethics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 7

Business Ethics - Article Example Over the last few months errors have been found in foreclosure documentations across the nation, indicating a rush to get the paperwork done. Signatures and notary confirmations have been found to be fake. Baum's firm has processed over 50,000 foreclosure cases since 2007 and he has faced accusations of improper paperwork. Moral questions raise here deal with issues of fairness and justice. 2. In defense of Bau would be the need of banks to recoup their losses from the mortgage crises in property assesses in any way they can. Another defense would be it is wrong for people to sign their names to mortgage contracts when they don't have the ability to pay. 3. It would be interesting in this case to apply, for instance, John Rawl's veil of ignorance to a community of people in a natural state of existence, for example, who have no other considerations but their own rational amount of self-interest. Each of these people have natural hopes and also recognize each others dignity and natura l liberties. These people would be morally violated if they did not have natural rights to such things as home and individual and social welfare.

Hsc module c Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Hsc module c - Essay Example It is imperative to recognize that different countries have varied political structures. Therefore, people are represented differently in different countries. In essence, it is essential to study the politics of different nations to identify the dynamisms in politics. The society is usually stratified into political, socio-cultural and economic aspects. The socio-cultural aspect entails the people’s way of life and the organization of social institutions. The economic aspect is concerned about the people’s source of livelihood. The primary focus in the economic division is how people earn a living. Finally, the political organ deals with leadership and administration of services in the country. In essence, the political organ affects the operation of the other divisions and, therefore, emerges as a sensitive aspect (Reynolds, 2000). Apparently, all people cannot be involved directly in leadership and, therefore, representatives have to be chosen from the general population. Essentially, there exist numerous ways that can be used to choose political leaders from the general population. For instance, the leaders are chosen through elections or appointments. The Australian government operates a democratic government where all eligible candidates are offered a level ground to participate in the country’s leadership. In most case, people representation in politics is facilitated by the general elections. In this case, the citizens are allowed to participate in the general elections and elect leaders of their choice. The elected leaders become representatives of the common citizens in the political arena. All the political decisions made by the elected and appointed members reflects on the ideas of the general population of the country. Therefore, the elected leaders act as the custodians of the interests of t he local people and thereby their actions significantly influence the operations of

Effect Horoscopes Have On People Cultural Studies Essay

Effect Horoscopes Have On People Cultural Studies Essay Horoscope is the guesses of daily activities in our every day life and a Birth map is a depiction of the wheel of our planets, houses and positions in that and the explanations of our plan wheel point out the potentials and weak points in our physical and emotional composition which gives us imminent on how to narrate and obtain along with others in order to create our life a better-off and valuable voyage and a scheme to observe if a match between us and another will present us a greater possibility at pleasure based on the mixture of our charts. A Compatibility statement or Synastry explanation and graphic representation combine our chart and a companion to form a new entity (individuality) called relationship. The sign, the growing sign and other position, in most cases, will be different than either your chart or your companions chart. This shows what potentials you will be able to call upon in the relationship and what flaws to conquer. A Birth Chart and Interpretation or either a Horoscope and compatibility statement cannot be precise for everyone born under a exact Zodiac sign unless the Astrologer has correct information about the moment of birth, date of birth and place of birth. Place of residence is important in the directing of daily Horoscopes. At times the moment is not known and an Astrologer will use 10:05 P.M. which, while not as correct as it should be, will put you as close to the target as possible. Without exact information everything we read about our sign anywhere will be generalized information. http://www.starlightastrology.com/astrointro.htm Astrology is not only influenced by transmissible factors and the surroundings, but also by the position of our solar system at the time of birth. The planets are regarded as central life-forces, the tools we live by as well as the basis of our very gist. These forces take on different forms, depending on their zodiacal arrangement and on the manner they relate to one another. The aspects formed between the planets depict their relationships, the placement of the planets in relation to the place of birth tells us about their appearance in the specialty of life represented by the astrological houses. The function of these players (the planets) and their eminence (the elements, signs and houses) and creating a fusion, astrology is able to present an inclusive and ample picture of the person and his potential, based on the biological horoscope. Biological Astrology tells about the behavior and individuality that you will have as well as some of the most important practice that you are intended to experience. Ptolemy establishing the base of Astrology, which has not changed much and in West its still in use Astrology is the origin of medicine and astronomy. Till 18th century astronomy and astrology were the same sciences. http://www.astro.com/astrology/in_intro_e.htm BACKGROUND AND HISTORY Babylonian Empires In Babylonian Empires era people were trying to associate happenings like famine and war with other incidents they monitored in the skies. At one point it was considered by historian and archaeologists that all astrological arrangements invented in Babylon, but that conjecture was rejected because of the separate astrology which exists between the Mayans and Aztecs. Babylonian ministers were frequently called upon to use their associations with the gods to calculate the future, and their two rule ways of doing this were examine the liver of animal and analyzing signs in the sky. The aged known astrological manuscripts are written in the first half of the Hammurabi Dynasty, around in the middle of 18th century BCE. Attempts at analyzing the sky ultimately widen into astrology that we have today. Between 612 and 539 BCE, the sky was separated to twelve fractions, comprising the twelve symbols of the zodiac. Once numerical astronomy expanded under the Persians (539-331 BCE), it became feasible to determine some of the movement of diverse planets and the moon, permitting for the improvement of horoscopes related to what we observe today. The oldest known horoscope is a natural horoscope not different the type formed by astrologers in this century. There is not actually missing of the unique tablet, and all we can read of the forecast itself is fundamentally, things will be good for you. Even then, astrologers had started perfectly the art of non-false able statements. http://atheism.about.com/library/FAQs/skepticism/blfaq_astro_history.htm I am focusing on Horoscope in astrology that is why its important to give brief introduction about horoscope Houses of Horoscope These twelve houses of horoscope tell us about the different regions of our lives. Â  The foundation of every house is called the cusp. Â  Each house has natural symbol and natural ruling sign. Here is the chart of signs beginning with Aries and ending up at Pisces. Mentioned introduction, history and background of the astrology and horoscope because I think for any research you should have acknowledged about your topic. Horoscope is becoming popular. People read it may be just for fun or they have strong belief in it. Media is promoting horoscope through magazines, radio, television, and internet. So people have easy access to it. In newspapers and magazines there is a separate column for it. In television we can see people having laptops in their hands and they take live calls and ask for ones time and place of birth so they can tell them what their predicted future is, in radio we can hear our daily horoscope. Apart from newspaper, TV, radio we have an access of internet and on that we can subscribe our email address to specific website or astrologer and they can email us our daily horoscope. Basically this research paper is focusing on horoscope and why do people believe in that. PROBLEM STATMENT What are the factors that are leading people to believe in astrology and what gender is more prone to believe in it? OBJECTIVES: SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES Hectic and tough routine of life made people to believe in horoscope. They find it easy to know about their future before hand. So they spend their day according to that. Women used it for households and men in business matters. People are keen to know about their love life, career, luck etc. These things have been affecting our generations because we have started believing and relying on it so much and feel satisfied. High competition among people forced them to believe in superstitious possessions. Every body wishes for best and want to fulfill their needs. But the frenetic life of people made them to go for horoscope so they have better understanding of their forecast. DIFFERENCE IN INCLINATION TOWARDS HOROSCOPE AMONGST MALES AND FEMALES According to research females are more inclined towards horoscope. The reason may be they have enough time to think on these issues and they are more curious than men. Men leave their homes early morning and come back late. They spent most of their time outside and have busy schedule. When they back home their preference would be their family. But it doesnt mean that women are free all the time. Its just a natural phenomenon that women are more inquisitive about their family and enthusiastic to know what will come next in their lives. Females are more superstitious which makes them eager to compare their current lives with the horoscope that comes in newspaper, television, radio and magazines. Men, by nature are far more realistic. They believe in facts more rather than going for horoscopes. MOTIVES Love life The interesting fact is that people read their horoscope because they are keen to know about their love life and if they are in relationship how long it will go. The attuned factor is also involved. They wanted to know that the temperament of both is similar with each other or not. And what personality features are different. Luck People are eager to know what color, number, or stone is lucky for them e.g. when they come to know about these specific things they try to wear that color or stone on special occasions of their lives and try to keep special things on dates that stand for their lucky number. Guidance People read horoscope and consider it as a guide. Many people are addicted to it and cant spend their day without reading it. They feel satisfied when they have an idea about their future and try to act accordingly whats written in their part. Entertainment Some or many people read astrology just for fun and take it as an entertainment. Its just because they dont believe in it and read it to pass time or may be to reduce their curiosity. And most of them read it because they believe every body else is reading. Relaxation People go for horoscope because they want to lighten up their selves. Life is like a test and they want to pass the test by knowing the future ahead. It gives them an opportunity to plan their daily lives according to the predictions provided in horoscopes so they can achieve the maximum success. Escape Horoscope is another way of escaping from reality. People are infuriated of their chaotic routine and want tension free time so they go for horoscope. Control People want control over their lives; have desire for reducing their worries so they read, view or listen about their horoscope. By horoscopes people believe that their future has been forecasted earlier, this gives them an opportunity to make their decisions according to it. It gives them the satisfaction that they will never fail as they have taken all the precautionary measures. This way they actually try to control their lives and make everything impossible, possible. Affection Some people are not interested in knowing about their own horoscope. They are curious about whats going on in their beloveds life and how will be their future and will they be the part of their lives or not. Or the other thing is that they wanted to know what kind of personality they have, and what zodiac would be the best companion for them. For the believers, it is important that you find two astrologers for yourself and observe who is telling you the right picture. And what other has missed. The one you find better stick with him/her. A good astrologer is like a good mechanic. An expert mechanic fix out the problem for so long whereas, a bad one may take more money but his work would not be reliable. Same is the case with good and bad astrologer, a fine astrologer see all aspects and tell you nearly accurate and qualitative portrayal about you, while a bad one does not focus on every aspect and gives his prediction over all. Recommendation and conclusion This research paper views that people are dependent on horoscope. It helps them in building up their confidence that what is going to happened in their future. Tensions and pressure of daily life made them to search the cure, so they go for reading horoscope. By knowing about their future they will be able to prepare themselves according to the coming situation. This need of people has increased the value of

Relative Dating Essay -- essays research papers fc

The Fundamental Principles of Relative DatingRelative dating involves placing events in their proper chronological sequence, that is, in the order of their occurrence (Dutch 1998). This type of dating tells us which geologic event happened first, but does not give an exact date to which something happened. There are several different methods that are used in relative dating. These are the fundamental methods that are used in the field by geologists' and earth scientists to gather information about the relative age of rock bodies and other cool geologic stuff. These principles are the principle of superposition, the principle of original horizontality, the principle of cross-cutting relationships, and the principle of inclusions.The principle of superposition is defined as in the environment of an undisturbed layer of sedimentary rocks; the layers on the bottom are older than the layers towards the top. The pictures I have taken show very good examples of this. By using the principle of superposition we can know that the layers toward the bottom are older than the layers toward the top. The rock body shown in the pictures attached, started out as one layer, as millions and millions of years passed more layers of sedimentary rock were placed on top of each other one after another, each layer was deposited at a later time than the one before it. The youngest layer is on the top, and the oldest layer is on the bottom. This principle was founded by the Danish anatomist Nicolas ...

School Finance Paper

Connie Findley University of Phoenix June 14, 2010 School Finance Issue Paper There is a popular myth that government sponsored public education is cost free to students, families and teachers (Darden, 2007). The economic crisis has resulted in a wave of reduced funding sources for school districts around the country. As state and city budgets have been slashed, the consequences for districts are dire (Trainor, 2010). Debates about how to improve public education in America often focus on whether government should spend more on education.Federal and state policy makers proposing new education programs often base their arguments on the need to provide more resources to improve opportunities for students (Lips at el. , 2008). The increasing number of budget cuts have left teachers, administrators, families footing the bill for classroom materials. The challenge has become to provide essential school supplies and classroom materials despite millions in budget cuts. Many districts has ra ised dozen of school fees for various students activities and added many items to school supply lists every year (Dyrli, 2008).In recent years there has been a great interest in the effect of school resources on academic achievement ( Froese, 1997). Answering whether spending more on public education improves academic achievement begins with establishing how much the United States spends on education. In 2007, the federal government spent $71. 7 billion on elementary and secondary education programs. These funds were spent by 13 federal departments ad multiple agencies. The Department of Education spent $39. 2 billion on K-12 education.The largest programs in the Department of Educations budget were education for the disadvantaged and special education (Lips at el. , 2008). The monies dedicated to states from the federal government is earmarked for certain programs. Allotted monies for school resources do not always equate to materials for classroom instruction. Many people believe that lack of funding is a problem in public education, but historical trends show that American spending on public education is at an all-time high (Lips at el. , 2008). Acknowledging that education excellence cost money, the vast majority of school districts have a tough time keeping pace.Schools are tempting to use several solutions to combat the budget crisis. Schools are collecting fees from parents, they can pretend not to notice as teachers quietly bear the expenses as an act of caring, or solicit or accept dollars that come from third-party sources (Darden, 2007). Academic researchers have sought to answer the question of whether education expenditures are correlated with student performance. However, there is a lack of consistent evidence on whether education expenditures are related to academic achievement.Despite the lack of consistent finding, leading researchers in the area acknowledge that any effect of per-pupil expenditures on academic outcomes depends on how money is spent, not how much money is spent (Lips at. el. , 2008). Existing evidence indicates that the typical school system today do not use resources well at least if promoting students achievement is the purpose. The high and increasing percentage of funding is allocated to non-classroom expenditures is evidence of the need to improve resource allocation in the nation’s public schools.According to the National Center for Public Education Statistics, only fifty two percent of public education expenditures are spent on instruction. This percentage has slowly been decreasing over recent decades (Lips at. el. , 2008). One problem school districts are facing is shrinking enrollment. These school districts are left with vacant buildings and hundreds of thousands of dollars tied up in desk, chairs, office supplies and equipment, computers and textbooks that may eventually find their way to the dump.At the same time, districts in growing communities struggle to accommodate an enrollment expansion with limited funding, facilities and equipment. Administrators may be forced to purchase and temporary classrooms (Trainor, 2010). One of the major areas that school administrators are focusing on is technology in the classroom. While many teachers are bearing the cost of glue, paper, pencils and other classroom materials essential for achievement, school officials are providing funding for instructional computer programs to help increase reading and math achievement.While purchasing new computers is not always an option many school districts are finding ways to provide computers without overspending. In an effort to reduce cost, some school technology leaders have formed groups to negotiate pricing with firms selling refurbished computers. Because every computer in a school setting does not need the most sophisticated capabilities, refurbished models provide access as well as word processing and other basic programs at an affordable price (Trainor, 2010). Providing update d and current textbooks is another recurring cost that school systems face.There is a large used textbook market which has existed for decades. Districts around the country regularly sell retired textbooks. Sometimes school systems replace relatively new textbooks because of a change in curriculum requirements (Trainor, 2010). School systems are wasting money of textbooks each year due to purchasing books that are already retired or by purchasing an older edition of a textbook. Teachers are using creative ways to supplement curriculums and information not found in textbooks but are required by the state to teach.School districts need a willingness to explore the possibilities of learning about the other three Rs: reduce, reuse and recycle (Trainor, 2010). When budgets are tight, district administrators must sometimes choose between supplies and other needs. To help bridge the gap, many teachers are buying more material than ever for their classrooms. The most recent study by the Nat ional School Supply and Equipment Association found that in the 2005-2006 school year, teachers spent and average of $552 on school supplies and instructional material (Dyrli, 2008).Some school systems have found themselves in court over the idea of providing a free education while asking parents to pay for school activities. In April 2006, the Indiana Supreme Court struck down Evansville-Vanderburgh School Districts $20 school activity fee, saying it was the equivalent of tuition charge and therefore violated the state constitution. The money was used to pay for music, drama, nurses, school counselors, alternative education and other needs. This fee was an attempt by this school system to balance the budget (Darden, 2010).One of the perks that teachers could look forward to during tax season is the tax credit offered to teachers. California Public School teachers in 2004 found out right before school started that they would no longer be able to deduct the cost of school supplies fr om their taxes. California cancelled its Teachers Retention Tax Credit, hoping to save about $400 million over two years (Vail, 2004). Nationally, teachers have similar, though much lower tax program for supplies. Most school districts have classroom budgets for such expenses, but teachers frequently dip into their own pockets to supplement the budget.The general public does not understand how much teachers spend out of their own pockets just to be able to do their jobs, but they do it because it’s the best for the students and they want the students to learn, achieve and be successful (Vail, 2004). Tax payers have invested considerable resources in the nation’s public schools. However, increasing funding if education has not led to similarly improved student performance (Lips at. e. , 2008). School systems across the country are now looking for ways to supplement their restricted and strained budgets.Many are looking at purchasing refurbished computers, recycled class room materials, charging fees to parents and adding more supplies to back-to-school list. While these efforts are not in vain they are only a starting point. School district are going to have to solicit funding from private corporations, form partnerships with business in community and find raise to help supplement declining funds. What does this mean for students and teachers? Teachers continue to purchase classroom materials essential to help students master core goals.Students are having to adjust to larger classrooms, sharing materials and equipment while goals and standards continue to rise. Teachers will have to bear the burden to meet federal mandates while working with less than adequate supplies. These barriers will force teacher and parents to provide creative alternatives for learning and building stronger relationships with each other in order to provide students with more learning opportunities.Reference Darden, E. (May, 2007). School law show me the money. American Sch ool Board Journal, 44-45. Dyrli, K. (2008). School supplies on a budget. World Wide Web. htp://www. DistrictAdministraton. com. Froese, V. (1997). The relationship of school materials and resources to reading literacy: An international perspective. University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada. Lips, D. , Watkins, S. , and Fleming, J. (2008). Does spending more on education improve academic achievement? Backgrounder: The Heritage Foundation of America, 2179. Trainor, C. (2010). The other three rs. American School Board Journal, 50-51. Vail, K. (2004). Tax credit for school supplies? Maybe not. American School Board Journal, 8.

Nonfunctional Requirements

Functional requirements define the needs in terms of performance, logical database requirements, design constraints, standards compliance, reliability, availability, security, maintainability, and portability. EXAMPLE 1 Performance RequirementsPerformance requirements define acceptable response times for system functionality.The load time for user interface screens shall take no longer than two seconds.The log in information shall be verified within five seconds.Queries shall return results within five seconds.Example 2Logical Database RequirementsThe logical database requirements include the retention of the following data elements. This list is not a complete list and is designed as a starting point for developmentBooking/Reservation SystemCustomer first nameCustomer last nameCustomer addressCustomer phone numberNumber of occupantsAssigned roomDefault room rateRate descriptionGuaranteed room (yes/no)Credit card numberConfirmation numberAutomatic cancellation dateExpected check-in date. Expected check-in timeActual check-in dateActual check-in timeExpected check-out dateExpected check-out timeActual check-out dateActual check-out timeCustomer feedbackPayment received (yes/no)Payment typeTotal BillFood ServicesMealMeal typeMeal itemMeal orderMeal payment (Bill to room/Credit/Check/Cash) EXAMPLE 3 Design Constraints The Hotel Management System shall be a stand-alone system running in a Windows environment. The system shall be developed using Java and an Access or Oracle databaseIllustrate a timeframe needed to complete each task based on the requirements from question 2.(5 Marks)Answer Estimating time framesTo manage your time well, you should know not only what tasks you need to accomplish, but also when those tasks must be completed and how long they'll take. Making accurate estimates about how long a task will take is one of the keys to effective time management. Many management problems are the result of unrealistic estimates of how long it will take to complete specific tasks.If you estimate time frames accurately, you'll be able to schedule work efficiently and meet deadlines:schedule work efficiently  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ Accurate estimates about how long tasks will take to complete make scheduling a lot easier. They ensure that you won't have to keep changing your schedule. If you have a task that you accurately estimate will take six hours, for example, you can allot that time in your schedule and be reasonably confident you won't have to change the schedule. But what if you didn't accurately estimate the time for that task and allotted it only three hours? It would throw your schedule off, and you'd need to rework it.meet deadlines  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ If you're accurate in estimating the time it will take to complete tasks, you'll be better able to meet your deadlines. If you're estimates aren't accurate, you may need to ask to change deadlines or disappoint others who are relying on you to complete certain tasks. With accurate time estimates, you'll also be more confident about setting deadlines because you know that the time you assign for completing each of your tasks is realistic.Time estimate equationIt's important to estimate the time frames for your tasks accurately so that you can schedule all your work effectively and meet deadlines. To go about doing this, you first need to know the requirements of each task and your experience with activities – both when they run smoothly and when they don't – to produce three time estimates:The  likely time  is the time that the task normally takes you to complete. It helps to consider the time it takes to complete the task without interruption. You should also think about a time frame you would be comfortable with based on your workload, the task, and any external factors that may delay or speed up the completion of the task. The  shortest time  is the least amount of time that you have taken to complete the task in the past. It may also refer to the shortest time in which you think you can complete the task if there are no interruptions or distractions.You can estimate the  longest time  by considering what may go wrong when performing the task and then adding this extra time to the task's likely duration. This estimate should be based on your experience of this type of activity in the past, as well as on any foreseeable difficulties. You use the three time estimates to calculate the shortest possible time to complete a task based on an average of the likely, shortest, and longest times. Because in most cases a task will take the likely time to complete, this time is given more weight. You need to multiply it by 4, add the shortest time, and then add the longest time. You divide the total by 6 to get the shortest possible time.One important thing to remember is that you must use the same measurements for each type of time. For example, if your likely time is a number of days, the shortest and longest times must also be in days. If your estimates are in different measurements, start by changing them so they are all the same. The time frames equation often produces a shortest possible time that is longer than the shortest time you put into the equation. This is because the equation helps ensure that you're realistic about how long things will take. To manage your time effectively, you have to estimate the time it will take to complete each of your tasks. Doing this ensures you can schedule your work appropriately and meet all your deadlines. To estimate the time frames for your tasks, you can use a simple time frames equation, which uses estimates for the likely, shortest, and longest times to calculate the realistic, shortest possible time that it will take to complete a task. Five threats to your business that you need to consider for the success of this system.Answer: After assessing the strengths and weaknesses of your business for your business plan, look for external forces, like opportunities and threats, that may have an effect on its destiny. These changes includeThe appearance of new or stronger competitors.The emergence of unique technologiesShifts in the size or demographic composition of your market areaChanges in the economy that affect customer buying habitsChanges in customer preferences that affect buying habitsChanges that alter the way customers access your business. Changes in politics, policies, and regulationsFads and fashion crazesList the threats and opportunities facing your business, and follow these guidelines:When listing opportunities, consider emerging technologies, availability of new materials, new customer categories, changing customer tastes, market growth, new uses for old products (think about how mobile phones and even eyeglasses now double as cameras and computers), new distribution or location opportunities, positive changes in your competitive environment, and other forces that can affect your success. When listing threats, consider the impact of shrinking markets, altered consumer tastes and purchase tendencies, raw material shortages, economic downturns, new regulations, changes that affect access to your business, and competitive threats, including new competing businesses and competitive mergers and alliances. Also think about the impact of expiring patents, labor issues, global issues, and new products that may make your offering outdated or unnecessary. If you're having a tough time getting specific, look back at the strengths and weaknesses, but this time, use it to list strengths and weaknesses of a competitor. You won't know as much about your competitor's capabilities as you know about your own, but you probably know enough to flag areas of strength and weakness. Your competitor's strengths are potential threats to your business, and its weaknesses present potential opportunities. Three elements of risk All risk management standards agree that the goal of risk management is to enhance the chances of success of the relevant endeavor. However, each of them provides a different definition of risk: ISO31000:2009 calls it â€Å"effect of uncertainty on objectives,† the PMI â€Å"PMBOK Guide†Ã‚  has â€Å"an uncertain event or condition that, if it occurs, has a positive or negative effect on the project's objectives,† and the preferred Risk Doctor definition is â€Å"uncertainty that matters. â€Å"Each description is true, but only partly so. This matters because, until we know what we are dealing with, we cannot manage it in the best way possible:If we use the ISO definition, then our first thought will be to focus on the  effect;If we follow PMI, then we will start from the potential  occurrence;With the Risk Doctor definition, we start from  uncertainty.Each of these — the effect, the event and the uncertainty  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  is a component of risk, but on its own is not a risk. Even taken in pairs they do not provide the full picture:an effect plus an event is  an issue;an event plus an uncertainty is  a prediction;an uncertainty plus and effect is  a concern.It is only when you put all three together that you can see what a risk is made of, and use this information to decide on what, if anything, to do about it. Of course, this then requires a longer definition, but the goal enhancing the chances of success is worth the effort. But what is â€Å"success†? It is more than simply â€Å"meeting objectives;† it must also include the condition of â€Å"complying with project constraints† in order for the final result to remain within scope.Given this clarification, a more complete definition is: â€Å"Risk consists of three parts: an  uncertain situation, the  likelihood of occurrence  of the situation, and the  effect (positive or negative)that the occurrence would have on project success.† The three-part definition helps with three important stages of the risk management process:In  1.risk identification, it supports the structured description of a risk (â€Å"risk metalanguage†) in the form: â€Å"Because of , may occur, leading to In  2.risk evaluation, knowledge of potential causes allows you to evaluate the likelihood; identification of effects provides a basis for quantifying the impact. In  3 risk response planning, the different parts of the definition suggest different response approaches:for  threat avoidance, understanding the  situation  may allow you to stop it happening or protect against its results;understanding the  situation  can also be used to help us  exploit opportunities;in  risk transfer or sharing, we seek a partner better equipped to address the  effect;for  threat reduction  or  opportunity enhancement, we focus on the  effect  and/or the  likelihood;in  risk acceptance, any contingency plan has to address the  effect. Including these three components when you describe risks (the uncertainty, the event and the effect) will help everyone involved in risk management to take account of these three important aspects of risk, and act on them to enhance the chances of success. EXAMPLE Two examples of Managing risk in hotels Process and framework IHG has an established risk management process and framework embedded in owned and managed hotels in all regions. The long-term strategic goals are aligned with the IHG core purpose Great Hotels Guests Love and include three key elements:safety and security of guests, employees and other third parties;brand strength supported by operational excellence in risk management at all hotels and corporate locations; andmaintenance and promotion of the reputation of the Company. Our approach has been to enable and support hotel owners, staff and corporate functions to manage risk effectively. This is accomplished by giving them a systematic approach and framework to follow and by providing them with tools to do the job.The Global Risk Management function aims to share specialist knowledge and capability globally whilst being aligned to the operational structure of the business to ensure local circumstances are understood and respected and greater engagement of our people is achieved. Example 2 1 Safety and security risks in hotelsA strategic framework for hotel safety and security has been designed for owned and managed hotels and is illustrated below, showing the identified groups of risks and describing the management activities carried out to mitigate those risks.2 Mitigating hotel safety and security risksRisks are identified at hotel level through various means including intelligence gathering, quality audits, risk management assessments and internal audits. They are also identified as a result of incidents, customer audits and self-assessment. Hotel management discuss issues at monthly safety meetings and action plans are developed. Risks are prioritised, assigned and improvement actions are identified, progressed and monitored. Action plans are reviewed at appropriate levels in the organisation for issues that need to be escalated either to drive action or to develop common solutions. IHG believes it has a mature and capable systemic and systematic approach to managing hotel safety and security which both reduces the likelihood and impact of events. The embedded culture within IHG makes hotels and the corporation more resilient to unexpected or unidentifiable risks.https://www.ihgplc.com/files/reports/ar2009/managing-risks-in-hotels.htmlhttp://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/3-essential-elements-of-risk/business-management-

Sense of the Welsh people in R.S. Thomas’ poems Essay Essay Example

Sense of the Welsh people in R.S. Thomas’ poems Essay Essay Example Sense of the Welsh people in R.S. Thomas’ poems Essay Essay Sense of the Welsh people in R.S. Thomas’ poems Essay Essay R. S. Thomas was born in Cardiff in 1913 and became the curate of Manafon church in 1942. He was a curate at that place for 12 old ages and during that clip. he taught himself the Welsh linguistic communication so he could break understand and relate to the local people. At first sight. his poesy is based around a narrow scope of topics: the Welsh people and landscape. but the emotional scope of his poesy is huge and it tends to be universalised. The three chief verse forms I am traveling to compose about are Evans. Lore. and Cynddylan on a Tractor. In Evans. the poet is reflecting on the emptiness. coldness and absoluteness of Evans life and how his milieus are au naturel and unfriendly. The personification of the gaunt kitchen and the black boilers whine reenforce the deficiency of comfort and heat there is in Evans life and farther strengthens his solitariness. purdah and the painful and plaintive state of affairs he is in. The fact that the boiler is black besides shows that everything in his life is dark. bleak and uncomfortable with no hope for the hereafter. It besides relates to when. subsequently on in the verse form. the poet negotiations about the dark dark shutting in on him like decease. Evans is represented by the weather-tortured tree ; he is distorted. twisted. stunted and he has been through much agony and hurting throughout his life. As he lies on his bed about to decease. the poet negotiations about the tide of decease coming to surround and submerge him. which gives us a sense of how aghast the poet is at the solitariness and horror of Evans decease after his lonely and difficult life. It besides shows that Evans is old and so frail that he is being drowned by his bed. which. in bend. is being engulfed by the oppressive darkness rinsing over it. about so that it is inside Evans and taking away his life. The monosyllabic coating is heavy and leaves an impact on us. Evans is similar in some ways to the lyrical supplications of The Hill Farmer Speaks because the husbandman in it is stripped of love and is black and lonely. This shows the shared experiences in life of the Welsh people and how their lives are difficult and missing in delicate feelings such as love. Lore is a direct contrast to this. Although it is besides about the desolation of the Welsh peoples lives. it is a Cambrian adult males knowledge on how to maintain alive and happy in the black landscape and non to decease in the manner that Evans did. It is Job Davies battle against the adversities in life and how he is ever determined. defiant. obstinate and optimistic. even through the hardest times. R. S. Thomas begins the verse form by speaking about the abrasiveness in Jobs life in the first stanza. He shows the desolation and abrasiveness by depicting him as: 85 winters old because winters are cold. harsh and numbing. like his life. He besides does this by stating about the slow toxicant and perfidy of the seasons because life there is easy killing them and sucking the life out of them. Clock itself is lead oning them because all they have waiting for them is diminution. solitariness and decease. The tone alterations in the 2nd stanza to that of rebelliousness and finding and the poet uses common linguistic communication to demo Jobs rebelliousness and the poets esteem of him. Jobs advice is that to be happy. he has to lift above life by express joying at it and holding an optimistic refusal to allow life acquire him down. The poet uses the metaphoric imagination of the hearse to convey and reenforce what Job is stating. Job besides says state nutrient like tea and porridge ( which are warm and have a unit of ammunition. chubby sound ) will give you courage in the face of hardship and aid you to acquire through the twenty-four hours. The fifth and concluding stanza is a decision of all Jobs advice on remaining happy throughout life. He says we should remain green intending we should maintain immature at bosom. The poet uses the chilling image of a machine whose fuel is human psyches to demo his disapproval of technological progresss. This is besides echoed in Cynddylan on a Tractor. which is a cheerful verse form but has an underlying tone of bitterness and sense of sorrow. Jobs last piece of advice to us is to populate life to the full and non to blow our clip woolgathering about the impossible and to be content with what we have. Associating to the point about avoiding technological progresss to remain happy which is in Lore. Cynddylan on a Tractor has implicit in tones of disapproval towards machines even though it is a cheerful and cheerful verse form. The machinery has changed Cynddylan so that he no longer has the old expression that yoked him to the dirt. Thomas conveys a sense of Cynddylans alteration by depicting his nervousnesss of metal and his blood oil which shows that the machinery has dehumanised him and cut the bond between adult male and nature. This is besides shown by the Sun inflaming the hedges which is a beautiful image. but Cynddylan has been desensitised to it and does non detect the beauty of nature around him any longer. At the terminal of the verse form. birds are singing in vain which shows Cynddylans distraction from nature by the machine because the birds are singing for him but he is unmindful to it. A sense of the countryside is conveyed by Cynddylan dispersing the biddies with h is tractor. demoing the break the machinery causes and once more reenforcing Thomas disapproval of technological progresss. When Cynddylan bought the tractor. he did it to better his life. but he is interrupting the Fieldss mirror of silence. This has allusion to Alfred Lord Tennysons Lady of ShallotIn decision. R. S. Thomas uses many devices in which to make and convey a sense of the Welsh people and landscape. the chief 1s being the usage of natural imagination. similes and metaphors. the personification of objects. contrasting colorss and tone alterations. The people of Wales are shown to hold really hard lives with nil to look frontward to and no aspirations. The poet shows chiefly how different people react to this life style in different ways. optimistic Job Davies or the despondent Hill Farmer. or Cynddylan with so much religion in engineering. The verse form which I prefer is Lore because it has an optimistic tone and is non every bit drab as Evans or every bit critical as Cynddylan on a Tractor and because it is cheerful and full of hope. finding. rebelliousness and energy. bibliography: hypertext transfer protocol: //en. wikipedia. org/wiki/R. _S. _ThomasEvans. Lore. and Cynddylan on a Tractor by R. S. Thomas

28 Lighthearted Quotes From the Harry Potter Novels

28 Lighthearted Quotes From the Harry Potter Novels Despite the sinister plot in author J.K. Rowlings Harry Potter stories, each book has its funny moments. Characters Ron, Fred, George Weasley, and many others add funny quips along with Harry Potters witty jabs, which easily lightens up some very serious situations. And what they have to say reveals a lot about each characters personality too. We have made sure to get at least one quotation from each of the seven  books from the Harry Potter series. Test your memory: Can you recall what was going on at the time of the quote? These quotes are also great as a starting point for book discussions too. Book 1: Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone (Note: published as Harry Potter and the Philosophers Stone in the United Kingdom.) Dudley Dursley: They stuff peoples heads down the toilet the first day at Stonewall. Want to come upstairs and practice?Harry James Potter: No, thanks. The poor toilets never had anything as horrible as your head down it - it might be sick. Fred Weasley 1st Twin: Oh, are you a prefect, Percy? You should have said something, we had no idea.George Weasley 2nd Twin: Hang on, I think I remember him saying something about it. Once - Fred Weasley 1st Twin: Or twice - George Weasley 2nd Twin: A minute - Fred Weasley 1st Twin: All summer - Percy Ignatius Weasley: Oh, shut up! Professor Minerva McGonagall: Well, thank you for that assessment, Mr. Weasley. Perhaps it would be more useful if I were to transfigure Mr. Potter and yourself into a pocket watch. That way, one of you might be on time. Professor Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore: I was unfortunate enough in my youth to come across a vomit-flavored one, and since then I have rather lost my liking for them. But, I think I could be safe with a nice toffee. (eats it)...Hmm, alas, earwax. Hermione Jean Granger: (in the Devils Snare) Stop moving, both of you. This is a devils snare! You have to relax. If you dont, itll only kill you faster! Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Kill us faster? Oh, now I can relax! Harry James Potter: So light a fire!Hermione Jean Granger: Yes... of course... but theres no wood!Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: HAVE YOU GONE MAD! ARE YOU A WITCH OR NOT! Book 2: Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: A Study of Hogwarts Prefects and Their Later Careers. That sounds fascinating. Fred Weasley 1st Twin: Oh get out of the way, Percy. Harrys in a hurry.George Weasley 2nd Twin: Yeah, hes off to the Chamber of Secrets for a cup of tea with his fanged servant. Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Why spiders? Why couldnt it be follow the butterflies? Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Can you believe our luck? Of all the trees we couldve hit, he had to get one that hits back. Draco Lucius Malfoy: Sure you can manage that broom, Potter?Harry James Potter: Yeah, reckon so.Draco Lucius Malfoy: Got plenty of special features, hasnt it? Shame it doesnt come with a parachute in case you get too near a Dementor. (Crabbe and Goyle sniggered)Harry James Potter: Pity you cant attach an extra arm to yours, Malfoy. Then it could catch the Snitch for you. Book 3: Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Right, youve got a crooked sort of cross†¦ (consulting Unfogging the Future) That means youre going to have trials and suffering - sorry about that - but theres a thing that could be a sun†¦ hang on†¦ that means great happiness†¦so youre going to suffer but be very happy†¦Harry James Potter: You need your Inner Eye tested if you ask me†¦ Professor Remus  John  Lupin: Now repeat after me - without wands please - repeat after me, Riddikulus.Class: Riddikulus!Professor Remus  John  Lupin: And again!Class: Riddikulus!Draco Lucius Malfoy: This class is ridiculous. Hermione Jean Granger: Ancient Egyptians used to worship cats, you know.Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Yeah, along with the dung beetle. Professor Sybill Trelawney: The study of Divination will give you the rare gift of SIGHT! (stands up, and promptly bumps into her table) Professor Sybill Trelawney: Would anyone like me to help interpret the shadowy realms within their orb?Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley (whispering to Harry James Potter): I dont need help. Its obvious what this means. Theres going to be loads of fog tonight. Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley to Peter Pettigrew (with revulsion): I let you sleep in my bed! Book 4: Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire Fred Weasley 1st Twin: Anyone can speak Troll. All you have to do is point and grunt. Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Dont talk to me.Hermione Jean Granger: Why not?Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Because I want to fix that in my memory forever†¦Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley (his eyes closed): Draco Malfoy, the amazing bouncing ferret... Percy Ignatius Weasley: I shudder to think what the state of my in-tray would be if I was away from work for five days.Fred Weasley 1st Twin: Yeah, someone might slip dragon dung in it again, eh, Perce?Percy Ignatius Weasley: That was a sample of fertilizer from Norway! It was nothing personal!Fred Weasley 1st Twin: (whispering to Harry Potter): It was. We sent it. Hermione Jean Granger: You seem to be drowning twice.Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Oh, am I? Id better change one of them to getting trampled by a rampaging Hippogriff. Ronald (Ron) Bilius Weasley: Poor old Snuffles. He must really like you, Harry†¦ Imagine having to live off rats. Book 5: Harry Potter and the Order of the Phoenix Luna Lovegood: No, I think Ill just go down and have some pudding and wait for it all to turn up... It always does in the end. Book 6: Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince Professor Albus Percival Wulfric Brian Dumbledore: Let us not deprive Molly any longer of the chance to deplore how thin you are. Book 7: Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows Peeves: We did it, we bashed them, wee Potters the one. And Voldys gone moldy, so now lets have fun! Fred Weasley 1st Twin: He can run faster than Severus Snape confronted with shampoo. Enid Smeek: Shes nutty as squirrel poo. Auntie Muriel Weasley: You there, give me a chair, Im a hundred and seven!

GUERIN Surname Meaning and Family History

GUERIN Surname Meaning and Family History The Guerin surname derives from the Old French guarin or guerin, meaning to watch or guard. Gwaren is the Welsh variation of the surname, Guarin the Spanish, and Warren is a common Anglicized version. Surname Origin: French, Irish, Welsh (Gwaren) Alternate Surname Spellings:  GEURIN, GEREN, GARIN, GUERRIN, GUERREN, GUERINNE, GUERREIN, GERIN, GWAREN, GUARIN Famous People with the Guerin  Surname Veronica Guerin: Irish crime reporterWilliam Robert Bill Guerin:  American former professional ice hockey player; assistant general manager of the NHL Pittsburgh PenguinsJean-Baptiste Paulin Guà ©rin: French painterJean-Marie Camille Guà ©rin: French immunologistGilles Guà ©rin: French sculptor Where the Guerin  Surname is Most Common Not unsurprisingly, the Guerin surname is most commonly found in France, according to surname distribution data from Forebears; it ranks as the 59th most common last name in the country. It is also somewhat common in Ireland (ranked 714th) and Canada (933rd). WorldNames PublicProfiler indicates the Guerin surname is especially frequent in northwestern France, specifically Bregagne (Brittany),  Aquitaine-Limousin-Poitou-Charentes, and  Centre-Val de Loire. Genealogy Resources for the Surname Guerin Meanings of Common French Surnames: Uncover the meaning of your French last name with this free guide to the meanings and origins of common French surnames.Guerin  Family Crest: Its Not What You Think: Contrary to what you may hear, there is no such thing as a Guerin  family crest or coat of arms for the Guerin surname.  Coats of arms are granted to individuals, not families, and may rightfully be used only by the uninterrupted male line descendants of the person to whom the coat of arms was originally granted.Some Historical Notes on the Origin of the Guerin Surname in Co. Clare: An essay by Pat Guerin on the origins of the Guerins of Co. Clare.Guerin Family Genealogy Forum: This free message board is focused on descendants of Guerin  ancestors around the world.FamilySearch: Guerin Genealogy: Explore over 400,000 results from digitized  historical records and lineage-linked family trees related to the Guerin  surname on this free website hosted by the Church of Jesus Chr ist of Latter-day Saints. Guerin Surname Mailing List: Free mailing list for researchers of the Guerin  surname and its variations includes subscription details and searchable archives of past messages.DistantCousin.com: Guerin Genealogy Family History: Explore free databases and genealogy links for the last name Guerin.GeneaNet: Guerin  Records: GeneaNet includes archival records, family trees, and other resources for individuals with the Guerin  surname, with a concentration on records and families from France and other European countries.The Guerin  Genealogy and Family Tree Page: Browse genealogy records and links to genealogical and historical records for individuals with the Guerin  surname from the website of Genealogy Today. Sources Cottle, Basil.  Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967.Dorward, David.  Scottish Surnames. Collins Celtic (Pocket edition), 1998.Fucilla, Joseph.  Our Italian Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 2003.Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges.  A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989.Hanks, Patrick.  Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003.Reaney, P.H.  A Dictionary of English Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1997.Smith, Elsdon C.  American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997

Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Assignment - Essay Example The city has attracted an increasingly multi-cultural and highly skilled labor force. Due to the increase in population over the last few decades, the popularity of the need of property in Dubai has also increased. The need for property has further propelled the desire to have a luxurious life and due to the fondness of people of Dubai towards luxury, people are offered a wide rage of properties to choose from with unparalleled features implemented in each of them (Life in Dubai). Even though, the present situation of luxury housing is not topnotch, it is still feasible to start a new luxury housing business because of the dynamic nature of the economy and the demand for houses (Life in Dubai) allow customers to indulge in complete luxury. Thus, the basic idea of the business is to capture the market of domestic and foreign inhabitants who are interested in raising their standards of living and want to lead a luxurious life. Topic Sentence The business process that will be analyzed i n the present paper is the luxury housing. The luxury housing will be named â€Å"Serene Living†. The market of luxury housing will be identified along with determining its current competitors and defining its strategic competitive advantage as well as identifying steps involved in the value chain that will be the key to the success of business. The paper will further identify the problems involved in the successful implementation of and the ways to overcome those problems. The analysis will be based on the Porter’s Five Force Model. 2. Identification of Market for Luxury Housing Business in Dubai Due to the increase in population and the desire to lead luxurious lives, the need for luxury housing is increasing day by day. Although they are priced at a higher rate than other houses, either rental or purchased, they are becoming capable of attracting customer because it offers unparallel facilities and complete luxury (Luxury Homes in Dubai). For instance, Al Mahra is a n Arabic style Villa, which is basically a golf home and has been established on the theme of the desert. While, the Palm Jumeirah Signature Villa situated on the Palm Island in Dubai, spoils one with complete luxury. Similarly, studios and apartments that feature a mixture of architectural styles of different countries are being developed in Dubai and known as International City (Luxury Homes in Dubai). Target Market A number of foreigners reside in Dubai and because of the increase in their number in recent time in Dubai, the Government allowed property ownership rights  to the non-United Arab Emirates Nationals in 2002. With the elimination of this restriction, the city has seen a number of magnificent ventures, among which were luxury homes in Dubai (Luxury Homes in Dubai). Thus, the target market for the luxury housing is both the domestic and foreign inhabitants who are the kind of people who take pleasure in living in a place that has a green and serene atmosphere and where there is a strong feeling of togetherness, which indicates that they are pleased to meet new people but also respect other people's privacy. Identification of Competitors The competitors of Serene Living would be all the luxury housing providers in Dubai who provide their clients with houses that combines residential area, commercial, hotel, entertainment, shopping and recreation with open green spaces.  Serene Living will basically face competition from luxury housing facilities

Psychology - personality and values Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology - personality and values - Essay Example I have however changed to a self-confident individual who is outgoing and influential. My values have also transformed from instrumental orientation to terminal orientation. Even though we share some characteristics with my siblings and my parents, most of my values are different from theirs, as my academic and work environments have largely influenced me (Graduate, p. 29-38). Values affect cohesiveness of a workplace by defining what is perceived to be right and what is perceived to be wrong by members of the organization. Common values therefore eliminated conflicts by identifying what every member of the organization consider to be bad and discouraging it while different values generates conflicts because a party will undertake an initiative that is wrong to another party (Graduate, p. 29-38). Jodi’s point that his values have not changed much is valid because people respond to their environmental factors differently. Factors such as the loss of a close relative may have also played a role in his conservative nature to retain his earlier developed personality and values. His matured values with time, together with differences between his values and his family’s, however identify response to his different environments. People cannot however have same values, as he argues, because of cultural

Cultural issues in management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Cultural issues in management - Essay Example Key issues in International HRM In the contemporary environment of competitive business, expanding business must understand the changing socio-cultural background of the country, where one needs to establish the business interests. Social scientists assert that national cultures are vital elements that determine the negotiator’s assumptions and help evolve business strategy based on behavioral pattern (Cohen, 2004; Rubin & Sander, 1991). China has a culturally distinct economy. The socio-cultural value systems are vastly different and business practices are very sensitive to behavioural pattern and intrinsically linked to their socio-cultural value system. Dowling et al (1999) argue that Chinese socio-political and cultural environment is complex, especially as Chinese nationalism remains key obstacle for foreign firms and poses serious challenge to their IHRM. Many scholars strongly support use of local talent and resources as important part of joint ventures that promote loc al economy as people prefer to deal with local professionals rather than expatriate managers (Schuler, 2001; Poole, 1999). This is a highly pertinent issue for foreign firms as they tend to spend huge amount on training and cross-cultural adjustments. There is lot of conflict if the expatriate manager tries to impose his/her own values on the local people. Chinese culture promotes ‘guanxi’, a shared language and a shared culture, where Chinese employees prefer to interact with people who are well versed in their language and culture (Dunning & Kim, 2007; Chen & Starosta, 1998). Thus, IHRM has huge responsibility vis-a-vis managing its human resources and optimizing performances when their business has to be conducted with Chinese, within or outside China. The need to understand the Chinese...Microsoft’s HR strategies were highly creative which were able to exploit human competencies. It promoted a facilitating organization culture that emphasized cross-cultural u nderstanding, trust-building and mutual respect. Preparing cross cultural teams Microsoft promoted multicultural team. Microsoft’s success in China was mainly due to their understanding of Chinese culture and people which was exploited by the HR leadership. Negotiation Business negotiations are intrinsic part of corporate strategy which is designed to reduce conflicts and promote mutually satisfying partnership contract vis-Ã  -vis business goals, financial outcome, terms and conditions, scope etc. In international business across national borders, negotiations are sensitive issues due to different value system, socio-cultural perspective, currency, legal paradigms and market conditions. Culture is integral part of negotiation. Effective CI practices CI practices are intrinsic part of global business planning which rely on information gathering regarding various aspects of business in countries which are perceived to have huge potential for business expansion (Adidam et al, 2009). China, being a major developing economy with vast potential, is highly attractive for foreign businesses. IHRM practices must be dynamic for effective negotiation and running of businesses in countries like China which offers huge opportunities.

Risk management and insurance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Risk management and insurance - Essay Example an insurance agent, one is charged with the responsibility of contacting potential clients, selling different types of insurance, and explaining policies to customers (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, n.d.). While the job can be greatly rewarding, it also has a lot of challenges especially for beginners. The insurance agent may have to walk the streets soliciting customers. The hustle involved in trying to convince potential albeit disinterested customers to buy an insurance policy seems too much for me especially considering that I am not as social as the job may demand. I especially do not like to engage complete strangers walking along the streets. Dealing with people unknown to me is especially stressful since they may hurl obscenities at me without any considerable provocation. In many cases, insurance companies place no requirement for working as an insurance agent. In any case, the insurance agents do not need much to be licensed to start working – passing a state administered licensing exam and taking a short course on insurance suffices to join the trade. While some may prefer to work with college graduates, this requirement is more often than not overlooked in a bid to find the right candidates for the job. In order to work as an agent, one may take economics and business courses (Career Planning.about.com, n.d.). This is not the case when dealing with insurance attorneys. Every organization wants to work with a competent insurance attorney which means that the candidate has to be well trained at college or university level at the least, law being a major component in his/her training. According to the requirements instituted by companies seeking insurance attorneys, it is beyond doubt that the candidate is better placed to earn much more than the insurance agent who may be earning on commission basis. According to the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (n.d.), the median annual wage for agents stands at about 46,770 USD which is significantly lower

BHS 427 Health Care Finance (Module 2CBT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BHS 427 Health Care Finance (Module 2CBT) - Essay Example b. The second alternative is for R Squared to try to reduce the variable cost per scan by improving operational efficiency or replacing experienced staff with relatively inexperienced employees (but ensuring the same quality of work). If variable cost can be reduced to $1,100, the breakeven volume will be 113 and target profit of $10,000 will be achievable (refer to following calculations). .. Since R Squared must charge $200 less than the community price of $2,100 to get the contract, the second alternative may be pursued. 5. Approximately how many patients will have to be scanned for General Hospital to make a profit of $20,000 per month Let, V = Variable cost per scan = $1,200 F = Fixed cost = $90,000 NI = Targeted net income = $20,000 Pi = Internally set price paid by charge payers = $1,200 Pe = Externally set fixed price = $1,500 CO = Proportion of cost payers = 30% CH = Proportion of charge payers = 45% FP = Proportion of fixed-price payers = 25% The required patient volume is calculated using the following formula: Volume = [(1 - CO) F + NI] / [(CH x Pi) + (FP x Pe) - (1 - CO) V] Volume = [(1 - 0.3) x 90,000 + 20,000] / [(0.45 x 1,200) + (0.25 x 1,500) - (1 - 0.3) x 1,200] Volume = [63,000 + 20,000] / [540 + 375 - 840] Volume = 83,000 / 75 Volume = 1,106 patients Hence, out of total 1,318 patients (482 in-patient and 836 out-patient) per month, 1,106 patients will have to be scanned for General Hospital to make a profit of $20,000 per

Thinking About the Human Experience Research Paper

Thinking About the Human Experience - Research Paper Example There are some elements in the humanities field that children might enjoy. Theatre and dance are an intricate part of a child’s psychology. Performing arts encourages children to relate with one another, and enjoy the experience. Growing up, some children find it challenging to continue with these arts, and choose to pursue other areas. However, for some, this becomes their daily life as they have a passion for it. These arts are not looked at as child’s play once people desist from participating in them. It is just that people choose to explore diverse areas so as to learn more while adding more to the given field (DePoy & Gilson, 2007). Critical and creative thinking is often brought out through the humanities. In the philosophy of law, for example, individuals can learn to comprehend what affects them in their immediate society. Society can learn to tackle the issues they face regularly in open-minded and reasoned discussions, and arrive at feasible solutions. Folks stand the chance of understanding and appreciating diverse cultures that are present in the world. They can now learn to relate to other people’s experiences, and learn from them (DePoy & Gilson, 2007). In conclusion, humanities are crucial in the lives of many individuals. It assists in keeping a comprehensive record of human experiences and lives. It helps explore, assess, interpret, and refine life. This is while adding innovativeness to it (DePoy & Gilson, 2007). The humanities are responsible for having the most varied disciplines in the world, and why they have attained global

BHS 427 Health Care Finance (Module 2CBT) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

BHS 427 Health Care Finance (Module 2CBT) - Essay Example b. The second alternative is for R Squared to try to reduce the variable cost per scan by improving operational efficiency or replacing experienced staff with relatively inexperienced employees (but ensuring the same quality of work). If variable cost can be reduced to $1,100, the breakeven volume will be 113 and target profit of $10,000 will be achievable (refer to following calculations). .. Since R Squared must charge $200 less than the community price of $2,100 to get the contract, the second alternative may be pursued. 5. Approximately how many patients will have to be scanned for General Hospital to make a profit of $20,000 per month Let, V = Variable cost per scan = $1,200 F = Fixed cost = $90,000 NI = Targeted net income = $20,000 Pi = Internally set price paid by charge payers = $1,200 Pe = Externally set fixed price = $1,500 CO = Proportion of cost payers = 30% CH = Proportion of charge payers = 45% FP = Proportion of fixed-price payers = 25% The required patient volume is calculated using the following formula: Volume = [(1 - CO) F + NI] / [(CH x Pi) + (FP x Pe) - (1 - CO) V] Volume = [(1 - 0.3) x 90,000 + 20,000] / [(0.45 x 1,200) + (0.25 x 1,500) - (1 - 0.3) x 1,200] Volume = [63,000 + 20,000] / [540 + 375 - 840] Volume = 83,000 / 75 Volume = 1,106 patients Hence, out of total 1,318 patients (482 in-patient and 836 out-patient) per month, 1,106 patients will have to be scanned for General Hospital to make a profit of $20,000 per

Nazi Germany and Virginia Holocaust Museum Essay Example for Free

Nazi Germany and Virginia Holocaust Museum Essay In this paper, I articulate my experience at the Virginia Holocaust museum, paying particular attention to my emotional and cognitive reactions. As a student of social work, I benefit from knowledge of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics, which I employ in reflecting upon the dichotomization and construction of the other that fueled the Nazi intolerance towards Jews and other ethnically diverse populations and led to their genocide. By examining the current genocide in the South Sudan, I highlight commonalities between the Holocaust and the modern plight of marginalized South Sudanese populations. Finally, I utilize the NASW ethical principles of Social Justice and Dignity and Worth of the Person to imagine how I would have reacted, as a social worker, to the Holocaust. Through this process of reflection, I gain insight into the mechanisms of intolerance and better position myself to be a positive change agent. Keywords: dichotomization, ethics, genocide, holocaust, Nazi, social work, Sudan Examining the Holocaust from a Social Worker’s Perspective Introduction The purpose of this paper is to reflect upon my experience at the Virginia Holocaust Museum on September 11, 2012. By providing a detailed and thoughtful examination of one of the most shameful chapters in human history, the Virginia Holocaust Museum elicits a strong emotional and cognitive reaction. As a student of social work and an active participant in the current political landscape, I am able to use current events and my understanding of the National Association of Social Workers (NASW) Code of Ethics as a lens in which to examine the atrocities of the Holocaust. By understanding the threads of intolerance that connect the Holocaust to the current genocide in the Sudan and applying the NASW ethical principles of social justice and the dignity and worth of the person, I am able to gain a richer understanding of the Holocaust and the millions of lives it affected. My Experience Growing up in the Virginia public school system, impersonal statistics and broad textbook generalities taught me about the Holocaust in history class. While I remember feeling unsettled and recognizing in some undefinable way that this event was truly terrible, the emotional weight of sadness and terror that the Holocaust commands did not truly sink in until my family brought me to visit the National Holocaust Museum in Washington DC. Walking slowly through the exhibits, I recall vividly the feeling that I was being turned inside out, my emotional nerve endings exposed to the pain and depravity of the collective nightmare of 11 million individuals. This was a profound experience for my young mind. The question â€Å"How could this happen? † tattooed itself on my consciousness and never received a truly satisfying answer. This question took on a renewed resonance as I took part in a School of Social Work fieldtrip to the Virginia Holocaust Museum. Returning for another in-depth look at the Holocaust, this time as an adult with infinitely more life experience, I again found myself emotionally raw. From the moment we arrived our docent, John Hagadorn, began immersing us in the facts and contextual details of the Holocaust. John overwhelmed us with the blunt statistics, sharing about the 6 million Jews and 5 million Czechs, Hungarians, Gypsies, LGBT and disabled persons who were systematically destroyed before the Allied forces of Great Britain, France, Russia and the United States were able to intervene. Hearing these numbers and the multitude of groups affected, I was struck by the Nazi’s tendency to aggregate, or lump together, different groups that did not meet the German’s ethnocentric, heteronormative, and physicalist perspectives (Rosenblum Travis, 2012). After aggregating these groups, the Nazi’s were able to dichotomize, or set themselves apart from these groups and declare them non-German and impure, their very existence in opposition to Nazi ideals (Rosenblum Travis, 2012). Despite knowing that racism, homophobia, and anti-Semitism were forces at play in the everyday German culture of the time, I find it hard to imagine that even the most relentless socialization could lead a human being to actively participate in or take a passive (but complicit) part in the extermination of millions of people based upon arbitrary differences. I know that fairness requires that I acknowledge istorical and cultural relativism when examining the Holocaust. However, as a person benefiting from an upbringing rich in openness and respect for the innate worth of all living beings, it is difficult for me to understand how so many Germans could let such atrocities culminate in the destruction of 11 million lives, and even help to perpetuate those atrocities. After being emotionally primed by the facts about the massive populations affected by the Nazi’s racist, ethnocentric, sexist, heteronormative, and physicalist campaign of hatred, I was profoundly affected by the photographs of the personal lives destroyed. From the moment we began the tour in the â€Å"Liberation† section, photograph after photograph of decimated humans greeted me with a palpable sense of sadness. Seeing the glassy eyed, hollow cheeked portraits of Jewish men, women and children reduced to emaciated skeletons gave me an entirely new perspective on human suffering. I imagine the slow, methodical torture of feeling my body wither away, day after day, and the madness of feeling powerless to feed my family or myself. Our docent, John Hagadorn, reminded us that even the most oppressive cultures often recognize children as especially vulnerable and spare them some of the abuses that adults endure. This was not the case in Nazi Germany and the photographs of children wounded and disfigured by â€Å"medical experiments† involving chemical burns, skin grafts, and â€Å"exploratory surgeries† made my stomach curdle. The replication of the experimental chamber the Nazis employed to test high altitude oxygen deprivation on concentration camp prisoners was especially gruesome. Imagining the terror and agony of the victims who endured this torture gave me a deeper understanding of the depth of dehumanization the Nazis felt for Jews. The photograph that stood out the most for me included no terrorized faces or emaciated bodies, but was simply a huge crate filled with wedding rings. With tens of thousands of rings piled atop one another, I could imagine all the families destroyed by this evil. I imagined the love that united untold couples, the dreams of children, homes, and experiences shared that were shattered. I thought of the stories created through a lifetime of shared love and humanity, destroyed before ever being written. As I imagined my parent’s wedding bands in that crate, I felt an overwhelming emptiness. I realized that mine and my sisters lives and all the moments of joy and love we have shared as a family would have been snuffed out before ever having the chance to flourish, all based on some arbitrary distinction of race, ethnicity or religious affiliation. Today’s Issues Sadly, the systematic genocide of the Holocaust is not an isolated incident in human history. Since the liberation of the Nazi concentration camps in Poland in 1945, intolerant despots have carried out numerous other genocidal campaigns in Rwanda, Bosnia and Iraq. According to the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, today one of the largest genocidal and humanitarian crises of the 21st century continues to unfold in the Sudan, with over two million civilians murdered and four million displaced (United states holocaust, 2012). According to the Virginia Holocaust Museum, since taking power of the Sudanese government in 1989, Omar al-Bashir has recruited Arab tribal militias, or Janjaweed, to eliminate the ethnic Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa tribal groups (2012). These Nuba mountain ethnic groups and any civilians who represent a perceived threat to Bashir’s National Congress Party (NCP) continue to be targets of aerial bombing, mass starvation and displacement, torture, rape, and enslavement (United states holocaust, 2012). Just as the Nazis used the ethnic variance of Jews, Czechs, Hungarians and other â€Å"Non Aryan† populations as the basis for violence and oppression, the NCP based their current violence in South Sudan upon perceived ethnic differences. While the Nazis dichotomized anyone who did not fit their definition of the German race, the NCP continues to dichotomize the Nuba, Fur, Masalit, and Zaghawa populations because of their ethnic differences. By employing this process of dichotomization, both the Nazis and the NCP are able to marginalize entire populations and construct them as â€Å"others† who are distinctly different and â€Å"in opposition to the dominant group† (Rosenblum Travis, 2012). This extreme process of othering plants the seeds of intolerance and hatred that later manifest as systematic violence, as the current rape, displacement and murder of millions in South Sudan illustrates. NASW Code of Ethics Social Justice  The NASW Code of ethics defines the principle of Social Justice as â€Å"challeng[ing] social injustice† and â€Å"pursu[ing] social change, particularly with and on behalf of vulnerable and oppressed individuals and groups of people† (NASW Delegate Assembly, 2008). When considering the Holocaust there are abundant opportunities to apply the principle of social justice. As a social worker, I would have had an ethical responsibility to take action to relieve the suffering of the Holocaust victims. The Nazis systematically oppressed the Jewish, Czech, Hungarian, disabled, and LGBT populations in horrific ways. Had I been a social worker at the time, I would have made it my priority to encourage social change by educating anyone I could about the violence and oppression that decimated these vulnerable populations. By spreading knowledge and encouraging others to raise their awareness of the suffering in Nazi Germany, I could have organized rallies and campaigns designed to apply pressure to our government to intervene earlier. I could have encouraged sensitivity to these diverse cultures by constructing a dialogue about diversity and challenging apathetic civilians to challenge themselves to empathize with these oppressed groups and imagine themselves as victims. Dignity and Worth of the Person The NASW Code of Ethics describes the principle of Dignity and Worth of the Person as â€Å"respect[ing] the inherent dignity and worth of the person† and â€Å"treat[ing] each person in a caring and respectful fashion, mindful of individual differences and cultural and ethnic diversity† (NASW Delegate Assembly, 2008). The very foundation of the Holocaust and the genocide of 11 million individuals was a lack of respect for cultural and ethnic diversity. The Nazi regime targeted anyone who did not meet its narrow perception of the â€Å"pure† German race. The Nazis considered any physical or mental divergence from the Nazi racial, ethnic, heteronormative, and physicalist norms a threat. Had I been a social worker at the time, it would have been my obligation to resist these oppressive views and aid marginalized people in any way that I could. By encouraging others to recognize the innate value of all human beings and the arbitrary nature of racial and ethnic distinctions, I could have assisted others in achieving a more empathetic awareness that could serve as motivation to take action to end Nazi oppression. Conclusion The Holocaust remains one of the darkest, most disturbing scars upon modern human history. Examining the mechanisms of intolerance that fueled the decimation of over 11 million lives allows me insight into the subversive nature of evil. These mechanisms of socialization, dichotomization, and the various ways in which human beings construct differences in others must be understood if such evil is to be prevented in the future. Unfortunately, as in the case of the Sudan and other marginalized regions of the world, these mechanisms are still fueling the widespread oppression of entire populations. By raising my awareness of historical and modern oppression and endeavoring to embody the NASW ethical principles like social justice and the dignity and worth of the person, I can better position myself to be an active change agent and a better human being.

Drug Discovery Process Of The Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Biology Essay

Drug Discovery Process Of The Bio Pharmaceutical Industry Biology Essay The development of new pharmaceutical products is a long, expensive and uncertain process. It takes an average of 10 to 15 years for a new drug to move from the discovery phase into the marketplace, and the average cost for the development of a new drug is approximately $800 million. Out of 6000 compounds initially screened, only 6 are selected to move onto clinical trials, and out of those 6, only 1 compound is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the product is introduced into the market. The low success rates associated with new drug development is what makes the demand for resources at different stages of the development pipeline highly variable and very difficult to predict. Even after a drug is launched into the market, success is not guaranteed as toxic side effects may erupt when the drug is introduced to a larger sample of diverse population. This unpredictable process together with the companys annual fixed cost of Research and Development creates a major financial risk. Nevertheless, pharmaceutical firms decide to undertake this risky process because of the opportunity to develop a blockbuster drug, a drug that generates $1 billion or more each year in sales revenue for the company, and has the capacity to meet unmet medical needs of the population. Pre-Discovery To Understand the Disease Before any potential new medicine can be discovered, scientists work to understand the causes as well as other underlying factors in relation to the disease to be treated as well as possible. Target Identification (Choose a molecule to target with a drug) Once they have enough understanding of the underlying cause of a disease, pharmaceutical researchers select a target for a potential new medicine. A target is generally a single molecule, such as a gene or protein, which is involved in a particular disease. Even at this early stage in drug discovery it is critical that researchers pick a target that is drugable, i.e., one that can potentially interact with and be affected by a drug molecule. Target Validation (Test the target and confirm its role in the disease) After choosing a potential target, scientists must show that it actually is involved in the disease and can be acted upon by a drug. Target validation is crucial to help scientists avoid research paths that look promising, but ultimately lead to dead ends. Researchers demonstrate that a particular target is relevant to the disease being studied through complicated experiments in both living cells and in animal models of disease. Various stages in Drug Development Process The drug development process is highly regulated and follows a number of well-defined steps and milestones. Discovery and screening stage Emerging tools in molecular biology, cell biology and combinatorial chemistry help researchers understand diseases and identify specific targets for new drugs. Once a specific target is identified, drug development starts with the screening of a large number of compounds to find the non-toxic compounds with the desired biological effects. Typically, thousands of chemical compounds are tested in test tubes or individual cells (tissue cultures). Drug companies maintain large libraries of newly synthesized or isolated compounds. Compound from these libraries are tested for biological activity. Preclinical testing Preclinical testing involves a series of short term and long term animal and laboratory tests to generate data on if a compound is safe and worthwhile to test on people. The aim of preclinical testing is to understand what happens when the drug is metabolized, as well as to generate information about the optimal dose for the clinical trials. Animal studies provide data on the absorption, distribution and excretion of the compound. The chemical properties of the discovered compounds are studied in significant detail at this step. Steps for synthesis and purification are developed at this time. These help identify any acute toxicity issues that may arise. It usually takes 3-4 years to gather data in support of Investigational New Drug Application (IND). This application notifies the Food and Drug Authority (FDA) of the drug sponsors intent to conduct clinical research on human. In parallel with the animal studies, the company has to conduct studies to determine how to manufacture repro ducible batches over time. Clinical trials The ultimate goal of clinical trials is to determine whether the drug works well enough in patients. The trials should address: whether the risk of toxic side effects outweighs the therapeutic benefit; which dose regimen provides the best response and the least number of side effects; if the drug is better than existing treatments or not. Clinical trials are divided in three phases Phase I (PI): In Phase I trials, the candidate drug is tested in people for the first time. These studies are usually conducted with about 20 to 100 healthy volunteers. The main goal of a Phase I trial is to discover if the drug is safe for humans. Researchers look at the pharmacokinetics of a drug: How is it absorbed? How is it metabolized and excreted from the body? They also study the pharmacologics of a drug: effects of the drug on the functioning of the human body. These closely monitored trials are designed to help researchers determine what the safe dosage range is and if it should move on to further development. Phase II (PII): The goal of this phase is to evaluate the effectiveness of the drug for a particular indication and how the drug behaves in people. These studies typically include 100-500 patients with a target disease or indication, divided into several subgroups. The subgroups are administered the drug in different dosages, by different routes, and on different schedules. Efforts are made to determine the common short term side effects and other risks associated with the drug when used on human beings. Phase III (PIII): The studies in this phase are conducted over a long term and on a large sample of 1000-1500 patient volunteers. The basic aim of this phase is to generate statistically significant data, about to evaluate the risks and benefits associated with the drug. The effectiveness and safety of the drug is carefully examined and dosing regiments duly noted which will lead to the FDA and the international regulatory agencies to approve the new drug. The results from these studies are used to develop the DRUG LABEL. The Drug Discovery process has many issues like Long Lead Times and Uncertainty that are plaguing the whole process and causing disturbances/tremors along the lines of New Product Development. Literature review A stochastic programming approach for clinical trial planning in new drug development Matthew Colvin, Christos T. Maravelias Due to changing circumstances in the managed-health-care environment, the profit margins of pharmaceutical companies and the productivity of their Research and Development (RD) pipelines have started to decline; effective patent lives have been shortened, and patents provide lower barriers to entry even while active. Therefore, it is imperative for pharmaceutical companies to manage their RD pipelines more effectively to reduce the cost of developing new drugs. This is a challenging task due to the highly stochastic nature of the RD process: if a drug fails a clinical trial, its development stops and all prior investment is lost; if it passes all trials, it enters the marketplace and profits are typically significantly larger than development costs. To effectively plan the clinical trials in the pharmaceutical RD pipeline, therefore, new systematic stochastic optimization methods are necessary.The paper presents a multi-stage stochastic programming formulation for the scheduling of c linical trials in the pharmaceutical research and development (RD) pipeline. The stages correspond to time periods, i.e. the planning horizon is divided into multiple periods. Scenarios are used to account for the endogenous uncertainty (a drug either passes or fails a clinical trial) in clinical trial outcomes. Given a portfolio of potential drugs and limited resources, the model determines which clinical trials (PI, PII, PIII) to be performed in each planning period and scenario in order to maximize the expected net present value of the RD pipeline. The proposed formulation can be used to address problems of medium size and serves as a basis for the development of advanced models for the management of the pharmaceutical RD pipeline. Knowledge networking to support medical new product development Kannan Mohan, Radhika Jain, Balasubramaniam Ramesh Pharmaceutical firms depend heavily upon their ability to rapidly develop and introduce new products into the market. Product development speed directly impacts their financial bottom-line as well as their ability to satisfy unmet medical needs of patients. However, development of new medical products is complex and time-consuming. It takes anywhere between 7 and 17 years and several millions to billions of dollars to launch new medical products. Some of the factors contributing to the length, cost, and uncertainty of this process are the stringent regulatory requirements of governmental entities like the FDA requiring the maintenance of design history for every medical product to show that the products were developed as per the approved plan and with extensive clinical trials, medical products are used to treat human beings whose well-being and safety are of utmost importance. Thus, failure of the product can have serious consequences, increasing possibilities for therapeutic interv ention brought about by newer technologies and enormous investments required in research and development, and testing. This paper addresses the issue of developing an approach to seamlessly integrate fragmented knowledge using knowledge networks. Semantic knowledge networks provide the ability to describe and follow the life of a physical or conceptual artefact. These have been used as effective solutions to support knowledge integration in knowledge intensive processes in multiple domains. Motivated by their effectiveness in supporting knowledge intensive processes, the paper proposes the creation and use of knowledge networks to facilitate integration of knowledge fragments that are generated and used in medical NPD. The development of a knowledge network should be guided by the unique characteristics of the medical NPD domain. The paper also provides the background on the process of medical NPD, along with unique issues in this area. New product development process and time-to-market in the generic pharmaceutical industry Janez Prasnikar, Tina Skerlj This article presents some important factors impacting on the lead-time of new products. In particular, we find a negative relationship between the incorporation of organizational tools and techniques, such as concurrent activity management and time-to-market. Further, there is an appropriate negative relationship between the integration of new product development departments in particular phases of the new product development process and the cycle-time of those phases. Appropriate capacity management and project management also contribute to a shorter lead-time of a new product. However, there are also some particularities of generic pharmaceutical companies. The retargeted products (where an existing product is launched in a new market) have longer time-to-market than completely new products. The generic pharmaceutical industry depends very much on local market conditions and it is often easier to launch new products in already existing markets than to launch existing products in n ew markets. Further, if the active pharmaceutical ingredient is sourced externally the time-to-market is shorter. The same is true of the external sourcing of the pharmaceutical formulation. Since generic companies often build their competencies in the market rather than on the technology used, strategic alliances and early supplier involvement in the new product development are important factors of their market success. Research objectives The Biopharmaceutical industry has many a process to be deeply understood and uniquely mapped, however, I would be looking at the following for the purpose of my project To understand the Drug Discovery Process and map it with New Product Development Understand how a pharmaceutical product is produced; identify all the stages from the Pre discovery phase to the Discovery phase and from the Pre clinical phase to the Clinical Phase and map it with New Product Development Identify the sources for reducing Uncertainty in the Drug Discovery Process One of the features that restrict the smooth functioning of the Drug Discovery process is uncertainty about the drug in trail. If the drug that is being tested fails the clinical trials phase, all the investment and effort towards drug development is lost, but if it passes all the trials, it enters the marketplace and benefits the company by providing profits that are typically significantly larger than the development costs. Identify the sources for reducing Lead Time in the Drug Discovery Process Drug development in the pharmaceutical sector is a lengthy process ranging anywhere from 7 to 17 years and costs the companies billions of dollars. Thus identification of sources for reduction in lead time and appropriate application of those steps would directly influence the costs and help in launching the product quicker than usual into the market. Research methodology Interaction with Biopharmaceutical Teams working on the Drug Discovery Process at the Biological Sciences and Biological Engineers (B.S.B.E) department at Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur Secondary Research from Scientific Journals Case study approach in Business Press and Scientific Journals Chapters Introduction to the Drug Discovery Process Detailed explanation of the Drug Discovery Process Convergence with the New Product Development Literature Review Analysis of the related topic as described in Business Press and other Scientific journals. Research Objectives Research Methodology: An outline of the different approaches available for research Explanation of the different approaches and their outcomes with respect to the project Results and Discussions of the case Management Insights Relation of the Drug Discovery Process with Management concepts Conclusions and Future Research

Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Gay Teenagers and the Internet Essay

Gay Teenagers Need the Internet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Internet serves as a platform for gay teens to express their feelings and concerns about being gay. Beyond the pornography on the Net there are also valuable and useful resources that gay teens can take advantage of. But why are these teens t using to the Internet for support? Most of the teenagers questionned for this discussion indicated that parents are not supportive of a homosexual way of life.    Most people would agree that adolescent years are some of the toughest in a persons' life. Teens are getting to know themselves sexually and learning about the world around them. While participating in a gay teen chat room, it was obvious that many g ays teens felt isolated and confused about their sexuality and turned to the Internet for advice. Unfortunately, most of the information on the Net pertaining to the gay community consists of pornographic pictures and chat rooms with dialogue full of gra phic sexual detail. Just type the word "gay" in any search on the Net it hundreds of links to x-rated sites will appear. This, of course, is not suitable for a young gay teenager in need of support. Fortunately, amongst all the porn there are wonderful sites that provide support, answer questions, and provide links to other helpful resources.    Many organizations and support groups use the Internet as their main source for posting information about gay and lesbian issues. Organizations like PFLAG (Parents, Families, and Friends of Lesb ians and Gays) provide education and support for gay teens, as well as gay adults. Branches of PFLAG can be found all over the United States. Each of these branches can be accessed through the PFLAG Web site. The site is full helpful links ... ...y to turn to for support.    Works Cited Bell, A.P. and Weinberg, M.S. "Homosexualities: A Study of Human Diversity". New York: Simon & Schuster, 1978. Conroy, Theresa. "Gay Teen Fights to Educate Tormenters." Philadelphia Daily News. 2 Jan. 1996. http://www.critpath.org/rhea/bmurray.htm (23 Apr. 1998). Gibson, P. "Gay Male and Lesbian Youth Suicide, Report of the Secretary's Task Force on Youth Suicide", U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 1989. Parents, Families, and Freinds of Lesbians and Gays (PFLAG). Home page. http://www.pflag.org/ (22 Apr. 1998). Remafedi G. "Male Homosexuality: The Adolescent's Perspective." Pediatrics, 79: 326-330, 1987. We Are Family (WAF). Home Page. http://www.waf.org/ (22 Apr. 1998). Youth Assistance Organization (YAO). Home page. http://www.youth.org/ (27 Nov. 1996).